Keyswitches

If you are an experienced Garritan instruments user, you are probably already familiar with the concept of keyswitches. However, if you are exploring Garritan Instruments for Finale or another Garritan instrument library for the first time, you may well be wondering what a keyswitch is, and what it has to do with instrument playback.

Keyswitches and Finale

A keyswitch is a MIDI note that triggers a different playing technique for a Garritan instrument — for instance, pizzicato on a violin, or harmonics on a harp. Originally, keyswitched instruments were designed to be playable in real time: someone recording a Garritan Personal Orchestra violin part could easily and instantly switch from arco to pizz by pressing a key on the MIDI keyboard, called a keyswitch, that triggers pizzicato playing. However, they are also useful for Finale playback.

While some older versions of Finale required you to create customized expressions that would trigger the appropriate keyswitches, keyswitching is now seamless and automatic. Garritan libraries include Notation versions of instruments, which include a set of keyswitches that are designed specifically for use with Finale. Finale's Human Playback has been programmed to take full advantage of keyswitched instruments without requiring the use of customized expressions. Human Playback automatically detects whether you are using Garritan instruments, and if so will automatically trigger the correct keyswitches. For instance, whenever Human Playback sees the expression "pizz." on a violin staff, it sends the keyswitch that triggers pizzicato playing. And whenever it sees aarticulation attached to a note on a harp staff, it sends the keyswitch that triggers harmonics.

Setting up keyswitches for Human Playback

There are a number of conditions that need to be met before Human Playback can correctly interpret keyswitching expressions, articulations, and Smart Shapes.

• You must be using Garritan instruments for playback (i.e., Play Finale Through VST must be checked under the MIDI/Audio menu).
• You must be using a keyswitched Garritan instrument — these are the ones with “KS” in their name. Not all Garritan instruments have keyswitched versions available. In Garritan Instruments for Finale, only the strings, harp, and timpani come in keyswitched versions.
• If you are using a Garritan library purchased separately from Finale, you must use the Notation instruments exclusively. The Notation set of instruments is specifically designed for use in Finale. Whereas the Standard set has keyswitches within the visible range of the ARIA Player keyboard, the Notation set reserves a special area beyond any instrument range for keyswitches. Because Human Playback is already pre-configured to use the Notation set's keyswitches, the KS instruments from the Standard set do not automatically play back correctly in Finale.
• Human Playback must be enabled.
• The desired technique must appear in the "Instr. Techniques" section of the Human Playback Preferences dialog box. It must be correctly defined, and the check box in the Action column must be selected.
• Interpretation of the desired technique must be enabled in the currently selected Human Playback style.
• You must use an expression, articulation, or Smart Shape that Human Playback recognizes — see the list of keyswitch triggers below.
• The expression that triggers the keyswitch must not be programmed to trigger any playback options — this interferes with Human Playback. If your score contains any such expressions (for example, expressions designed to trigger keyswitches that were not supported by earlier versions of Finale), you must edit them in the Expression Designer and set the Playback Type to None.
  
  
• Do not use any of the expressions marked “use w/HP off FinGPO KS” or “Garritan Instruments for Finale Keyswitch” — these expressions are incompatible with Human Playback.

So long as you observe these simple guidelines, using most keyswitches with Garritan instruments shouldn’t require any additional effort or special programming. Want pizzicato playback in the violas? Just attach a “pizz” expression to the first pizzicato note, and Human Playback does the rest. Want a bowed tremolo in the cellos? Just attach a tremolo articulation to the note, and Human Playback takes care of it. See Garritan Instruments for Finale Keyswitch Triggers for a list of keyswitch triggers compatible with Garritan Instruments for Finale. Below is a list of the Garritan Personal Orchestra and Jazz and Big Band keyswitches, along with instructions on how to trigger them.

Garritan Personal Orchestra Keyswitch Triggers

Instrument Name	Keyswitch	MIDI #	Trigger Text
Piccolo Solo KS, Flute Solo KS	vibrato (ordinario) non-vibrato flutter tongue	0 2 4	unmarked note supported by Human Playback articulation:
All KS Brass instruments	open horn	0	expression: "open", "open horn", "mute off", "mute out", "no mute", "ord.", "ordin.", "natural", "nat.", "normal", "ohne dämpfer", "o. Dpf", "ôtez les sourdines", "ôtez la sourdine", "ouvert", "senza sordino", "senza sordini", "senza sord."
	mute	2	expression: "mute", "mute on", "mutes", "straight mute", "st. mute", "standard mute", "con sord.", "con sordino", "sordino", "sordini", "sord.", "sourd.", "sourdine", "sourdines", "mit Dämpfer", "m. Dpf.", "mit Dpf.", "harmon", "harmon mute"articulation: + (Horn only)
Bass Drum KS and Timpani KS	l.v. hand-dampened	0 2	unmarked note expression or Smart Shape line w/text: "damped", "damp.", "dampen", "étouffé", "étouffés", "étouffés", "étouffez", "dämpfen", "velare", "coprire"
Harp 1 KS, Harp 2 KS	open pluck (ordinario) open harmonic glissando harp	0 2 4	unmarked note articulation: uses Human Playback gliss instead
Harpsichord KS	8' stop (bright) 8' & 4' stop (mellow) buff stop (muted)	0 2 4	not supported by Human Playback not supported by Human Playback not supported by Human Playback
All KS Solo Strings	arco (ordinario)	0	expression: "arco", "ord.", "ordin.", "natural", "nat.", "normal", "normale", "coll'arco", "con l'arco", "col arco", "Bog.", "Bogen", "ohne dämpfer", "o. Dpf", "ôtez les sourdines", "ôtez la sourdine", "senza sordino", "senza sordini", "senza sord.", "mute off", "mute out", "no mute", "alzato", "aperto"
	mute on	1	expression: "mute", "mute on", "mutes", "con sord.", "con sordino", "sordino", "sordini", "sord.", "sourd.", "sourdine", "sourdines", "mit Dämpfer", "m. Dpf." "mit Dpf."
	alternating upbows and downbows	2	triggered by non-legato, non-staccato notes, or notes lasting less than 0.25 seconds
	upbows	3
	downbows	4
	pizzicato	5	expression: "pizz.", "pizzicato", "pizzicati"
	tremolo - mute on	6	not supported by Human Playback
	tremolo	7	not supported by Human Playback
	half-step trill - mute on	8	defaults to Human Playback trill
	half-step trill	9	defaults to Human Playback trill
	whole-step trill - mute on	10	defaults to Human Playback trill
	whole-step trill	11	defaults to Human Playback trill

Notes on GPO keyswitches

Dampened bass drum, timpani, and harp notes

Unlike some keyswitching expressions (like "pizz.") that remain in effect until canceled by another keyswitching expression (like "arco"), the expressions/articulations that trigger dampened notes in harp (Garritan Instruments for Finale only), bass drum, and timpani affect only the note they are attached to. If you have multiple dampened notes, you should create a custom Smart Shape line that includes a trigger word (“dampen,” etc.), then extend it over all of the dampened notes. If you don’t know how to create custom Smart Shape lines with text, see Custom Lines.

Harp harmonics (Garritan Instruments for Finale and Garritan Personal Orchestra)

The lowest playable harp harmonic sounds at C below middle C. Harmonics attached to notes below this will prevent those notes from playing.

Guitar, and electric bass harmonics (Jazz and Big Band)

The lowest playable harmonic on guitar sounds at E below middle C. The lowest playable harmonic on bass sounds at E an octave and a minor sixth below middle C. Harmonics attached to notes below this will prevent those notes from playing.

Solo string instruments: tremolos (Garritan Personal Orchestra)

Sampled (recorded) tremolos for solo string instruments are currently available in Garritan Instruments for Finale only. The solo string instruments in GPO do not include sampled tremolos. However, Human Playback can create its own tremolos for these instruments. To make this work, if you are using any GPO solo string instruments in your score, you must go to the Instr. Techniques tab of the Human Playback Preferences dialog box, select the "Strings: Tremolo" technique (in the "Garritan: Strings" section) and deselect the Action check box. This will disable keyswitched (sampled) tremolos for all Garritan string instruments. Instead, the tremolos will be created by Human Playback, for both solo and section strings:

Alternatively, if you prefer sampled tremolos to those created by Human Playback, you can use Garritan Instruments for Finale's "Violin Solo KS 1" and "Violin Solo KS 2" instruments in place of the GPO solo string instruments. (It is possible to combine Garritan Instruments for Finale instruments and GPO instruments in the same file, although the two libraries must currently be loaded into different banks.)

Section string instruments: upbows and downbows (Garritan Personal Orchestra)

The upbow and downbow keyswitches for the section string instruments in GPO are intended only to be used for very short notes. Attaching an upbow or downbow articulation to a note in a section string staff will cause the note to be played short, regardless of the written note value. Since this is usually undesirable, the techniques associated with these keyswitches when using GPO's section string instruments should be disabled. This is already done for you in the default Human Playback preferences (the "Down bow (section, GPO)" technique in the Garritan: Strings folder).

String instruments: trills (Garritan Personal Orchestra)

By default, the sampled trills included in GPO's string instruments are not enabled in Human Playback. Instead, Human Playback creates its own trills. This allows Human Playback to intelligently choose the trill interval, style, and speed based on the musical context. Human Playback can even make a trill speed up or slow down over time. Many find Human Playback trills more musically satisfying than the sampled trills, but if you prefer the sampled trills, it's easy to enable them. In the Instr. Techniques tab of the Human Playback Preferences dialog box, choose the "1/2 tone trill" and "Whole tone trill" techniques (in the "Garritan: Strings" section) and select the Action check boxes. Human Playback will now use keyswitched (sampled) trills for string instruments.

Creating custom keyswitch expressions

Human Playback requires that you enter exactly the right phrase in order to trigger the correct keyswitch. For instance, if you enter “mute out - FAST!” instead of one of the supported “mute out” expressions, Human Playback won’t recognize the expression and won’t trigger the correct keyswitch. However, if you would like to use an expression in your score (like “mute out - FAST!”) that Human Playback doesn’t recognize, that’s no problem — just add the expression as you want it to appear in the score, and then also add a hidden "no mute" expression.

This hidden expression won’t print, but it will cause Human Playback to trigger the correct keyswitch. On the other hand, if you want to trigger a keyswitch that is currently unsupported by Human Playback, such as the non-vibrato keyswitch in Garritan Personal Orchestra's Flute Solo KS, you need to create a new technique:

1. From the MIDI/Audio menu, choose Human Playback > Human Playback Preferences.
2. In the Instr. Techniques tab of the Human Playback Preferences dialog box, select the library and instrument. In this case, we want our "non vib." expression to trigger a GPO flute keyswitch, so we look for a Garritan flute technique - for instance, "Winds: Standard."
   
   
3. Click Duplicate to create a new technique based on the selected item (this button is on the right, not the Duplicate button under Human Playback Preferences Set).
4. Edit the Technique Name. In this case, we want to call our new technique "Flutes: Non vib."
5. From the Technique drop-down menu, choose Custom Text.
   
   
6. The Filter drop-down menu is set to For text expressions containing:, so enter the desired trigger in the text box. You can enter a single text trigger, or multiple text triggers separated by commas. In our case, we may want to enter both "non vib." and "n.v." as valid triggers for the flute's non vib. keyswitch.
7. Make sure that the Action 1 drop-down menu is set to Key Switch, then choose the keyswitch you want to trigger. Non vib. flute playing is triggered by MIDI note #2, so enter this in the Action 1 text box.
8. Click OK. Now, whenever you attach the expression "non vib." or "n.v." to notes in a flute staff in your score, they will automatically trigger the non vib. keyswitch and the notes will be played without vibrato. Note that to switch back to ordinary playing (with vibrato), you will need to create another technique that triggers the ordinario keyswitch (MIDI note #0) for the GPO flute.

Tip: After creating custom techniques, you may want to select Attach to Active File so that the document always opens with the correct custom techniques. You may also want to save a copy of your modified Human Playback preferences by clicking the Duplicate button.

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